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Mohammad Yamin
Mohammad Yamin (1903 – October 17, 1962) was born in Talawi, Sawahlunto, in the heartland of the Minangkabau on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. He was the son of Tuanku Oesman Gelar Baginda Khatib (1856–1924) the ''penghulu andiko'' of Indrapura and author of a manuscript on Minangkabau adat laws that now is stored at the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV). Oesman had five wives with whom he had sixteen children who make up a veritably influential, but incohesive political and intellectual, family in early modern Indonesian history. Other well-known sons of Oesman are Mohammad Yaman Rajo Endah, the eldest, an educator; Achmad Djamaluddin, a renowned journalist, who later in life added to his name his ''nom de plume'', Adinegoro; and Ramana Oesman (1924–1992), a pioneer of the Indonesian diplomatic corps.
==Early life==
In 1937, Yamin married Siti Sundari, daughter of a nobleman from Surakarta, Central Java, by whom he had one child, a son, Dang Rahadian Sinayangsih Yamin ("Dian"). In 1969, Dian married Gusti Raden Ayu Retno Satuti, the eldest daughter of Mangkunegara VIII, Sultan of Surakarta.
Yamin was a historian, poet, playwright, and politician. He was educated at the Algemene Middelbare School (AMS) in Yogyakarta, majoring in history and Far Eastern languages, including Malay, Javanese and Sanskrit. Upon his graduation in 1927, he went on to study law at the Rechtshogeschool in Batavia, as Jakarta was known during the colonial period in Indonesia. The Rechtshogeschool, founded in 1924, is the precursor of the Faculty of Law of what became the ''Universiteit van Indonesie'' and, after the transfer of sovereignty, changed its name in 1950 to Universitas Indonesia, the premier tertiary institution in the country (Ref 1). Yamin earned his doctorate in law (''meester in de rechten'') in 1932.
He worked in Jakarta until 1942 specializing in "private law". Yamin's political career started early and he was active in nationalist movements. In 1928, Yamin participated in the Second Congress of Indonesian Youth, which issued the Sumpah Pemuda. Through the organization ''Indonesia Muda'', Yamin became an active proponent for Malay to become the national and unifying language. It has since been renamed "Indonesian" and made the official language of the Republic of Indonesia and the principal vehicle for innovative literary expression.
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